Allergies can be tricky to figure out, especially since the term "allergies" can mean different things to different people. In dogs, symptoms might include constant scratching, skin infections, or upset stomachs. It's important to address infections first before determining if food is causing the problem.

Here’s what you need to know about food allergies and food intolerances:

Food Intolerances vs. Food Allergies

Food Intolerances
Food intolerances can cause symptoms like itchy skin, upset stomach, or ear infections, but they aren’t caused by an immune reaction. Instead, certain ingredients (like foods high in histamine or those that release histamine) may irritate your dog.

Examples:

• Histamine-rich foods (e.g., tomatoes, some fish)
• Dried fruits or fermented foods

Food Allergies
A food allergy is when your dog’s immune system overreacts to certain proteins in their food. Symptoms include:

• Red or flaky skin
• Hair loss or bald patches
• Recurring skin infections
• Hives or rashes
• Sometimes, an upset stomach

Common allergens include beef, chicken, dairy, and wheat.

Diagnosing and Treating Food Allergies

The best way to find out if your dog has a food allergy is by trying a special diet called a food trial:

1) Use a Novel Protein or Hydrolyzed Protein Diet

• A novel protein diet includes proteins your dog hasn’t eaten before, like venison, duck, or pork.
• A hydrolyzed protein diet breaks proteins into tiny pieces that are less likely to trigger a reaction.
• The goal is to avoid the proteins causing the problem.

2) Stick to the Food Trial for 8 Weeks

• No treats, table scraps, or flavored medications during the trial!
• It takes about two months to see results.

3) Watch for Improvement
If your dog’s symptoms get better during the trial, a food allergy is likely the cause.

Why Nutrition Matters for Skin Health

Even if your dog doesn’t have a true food allergy, their diet plays a huge role in maintaining healthy skin and reducing irritation. Nutrients that support your dog’s skin include:

• Omega-3 & Omega-6 Fatty Acids
  Found in fish oil and certain seeds, these fats help reduce inflammation and protect the skin barrier.
• Protein
  Proteins are essential for strong, healthy skin and coat. Novel or hydrolyzed protein diets provide the right balance without triggering allergies.
• B Vitamins & Zinc
  These nutrients support healthy cell production and keep your dog’s coat shiny and strong.
• Vitamin E
  Helps protect the skin from infections and irritation.

Common Myths About Allergies

1. Chicken Allergies
   Chicken is often blamed for allergies, but many cases are actually food intolerances. A chicken-free diet can still help because these diets are usually formulated with extra nutrients for skin and coat health.
2. "Hypoallergenic" Diets
   While hydrolyzed diets can help, they’re not guaranteed to work for all dogs. If your dog is allergic to a specific protein, even tiny traces in hydrolyzed diets could cause a reaction.

Key Takeaways

• Allergies can be managed with the right diet and nutrients.
• Food trials with novel or hydrolyzed proteins are the best way to diagnose food allergies.
• Nutritional support, like omega fatty acids and vitamins, can help dogs with itchy skin or dull coats feel and look better.

If you’re unsure about your dog’s symptoms or diet, your veterinarian is the best resource to guide you toward the right treatment plan.